{"id":322548,"date":"2018-01-19T09:08:13","date_gmt":"2018-01-19T09:08:13","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2024-07-08T09:14:47","modified_gmt":"2024-07-08T07:14:47","slug":"na-ini-i-tipovi-punjenja-na-tr-i-tu-elektri-nih-automobila","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/v2charge.com\/hr\/na-ini-i-tipovi-punjenja-na-tr-i-tu-elektri-nih-automobila\/","title":{"rendered":"Na\u010dini i tipovi punjenja na tr\u017ei\u0161tu elektri\u010dnih automobila"},"content":{"rendered":"

Postoje razli\u010diti na\u010dini punjenja<\/strong> na tr\u017ei\u0161tu, svaki povezan s razinom komunikacije izme\u0111u elektri\u010dnog vozila i infrastrukture za punjenje<\/strong>. To utje\u010de na kontrolu procesa punjenja, od programiranja do mogu\u0107nosti zaustavljanja ili ponovnog pokretanja punjenja, pa \u010dak i mogu\u0107nosti isporuke elektri\u010dne energije u mre\u017eu. U ovom \u010dlanku istra\u017eit \u0107emo razli\u010dite na\u010dine i tipove punjenja dostupne na tr\u017ei\u0161tu elektri\u010dnih automobila.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Elektri\u010dna i plug-in hibridna vozila zahtijevaju vanjski izvor napajanja za punjenje svojih baterija, \u0161to je dovelo do standardizacije \u010detiri na\u010dina punjenja razlikovana po svojim karakteristikama i specifi\u010dnim upotrebama<\/strong>. Ako razmi\u0161ljate o kupnji hibridnog automobila, otkrijte <\/span>najpouzdanije hibridne automobile<\/b><\/a> iz 2023. prema OCU<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na\u010din punjenja 1: Schuko<\/span><\/h2>\n

Na\u010din punjenja 1 podrazumijeva punjenje elektri\u010dnog vozila kori\u0161tenjem uti\u010dnice koja nije posebno dizajnirana za tu svrhu<\/strong>. Drugim rije\u010dima, odnosi se na punjenje izvedeno iz standardne ku\u0107ne uti\u010dnice, poput one koja se koristi za ku\u0107anske aparate poput perilice rublja.<\/p>\n

Ovaj na\u010din je najosnovniji od svih na\u010dina punjenja elektri\u010dnih vozila<\/strong>, jer jednostavno podrazumijeva povezivanje kabela s “Schuko” utika\u010dem od 230 V na vozilo. Op\u0107enito, na\u010din punjenja 1 koristi se za punjenje malih motocikala, elektri\u010dnih bicikala ili drugih manjih vozila, poput romobila ili hoverboarda. Me\u0111utim, nije preporu\u010dljivo za vozila ili motocikle ve\u0107e snage zbog nedostatka odgovaraju\u0107ih sigurnosnih mjera<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Ku\u0107na Schuko uti\u010dnica kori\u0161tena u ovom na\u010dinu punjenja ne uspostavlja nikakvu komunikaciju izme\u0111u infrastrukture za punjenje i elektri\u010dnog vozila, tj. nije povezana s mre\u017eom. Ukratko, ovaj na\u010din punjenja koristi konvencionalnu uti\u010dnicu bez naprednih komunikacijskih funkcija<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Na\u010din punjenja 2: Sporo punjenje<\/span><\/h2>\n

Na\u010din punjenja 2 podrazumijeva kori\u0161tenje ku\u0107ne Schuko uti\u010dnice montirane na zidu<\/strong>, opremljene sustavima pilot funkcije integriranim u kabel. Ovaj kabel uklju\u010duje ure\u0111aj za kontrolu pilota koji provjerava ispravnu vezu vozila s elektri\u010dnom mre\u017eom.<\/strong> Osim toga, uspostavlja osnovnu komunikaciju s mre\u017eom.<\/p>\n

Poznat kao na\u010din punjenja Sporo punjenje, Na\u010din punjenja 2 je dizajniran za kori\u0161tenje u ku\u0107nim okru\u017eenjima, poput gara\u017ea.<\/strong> Ova metoda punjenja je jednofazna i radi na naponu od 230V, s maksimalnom snagom od 3,7kW. Kako bi se osigurala sigurnost tijekom punjenja, elektri\u010dno ili hibridno vozilo povezuje se s elektri\u010dnom mre\u017eom putem odgovaraju\u0107eg konektora\/adaptora<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

U ovom na\u010dinu punjenja, korisnik instalira kutiju s Schuko uti\u010dnicom<\/strong>, obi\u010dno namijenjenu prvenstveno za punjenje odre\u0111enog elektri\u010dnog vozila (iako njezina upotreba nije isklju\u010diva, obi\u010dno jest). Ova kutija mora biti opremljena odgovaraju\u0107im sustavima za\u0161tite<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Na\u010din punjenja 2 je posebno relevantan za vlasnike plug-in hibridnih vozila<\/strong> ili manjih elektri\u010dnih vozila<\/strong>, poput kvadricikala (na primjer, EV Tazzari Zero EM2 Space). Osim sustava punjenja, postoje i druge va\u017ene stvari koje treba uzeti u obzir prilikom odabira hibridnog ili elektri\u010dnog vozila, poput pogonskog motora i autonomije.<\/p>\n

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Na\u010din punjenja <\/span>3: Polu-brzo punjenje<\/span><\/h2>\n

Na\u010din punjenja 3 zahtijeva kori\u0161tenje ure\u0111aja poznatog kao Wallbox<\/strong>, dizajniranog posebno za punjenje elektri\u010dnih vozila. Ova punionica opremljena je raznim sustavima za\u0161tite<\/strong> potrebnim za osiguranje sigurnosti kako elektri\u010dne instalacije, tako i vozila. Prema \u0161panjolskim propisima (ITC-BT 52), kori\u0161tenje Na\u010dina punjenja 3 obavezno je za javne punionice<\/strong>, obi\u010dno u kombinaciji s Na\u010dinom 4.<\/p>\n

Povezivanje elektri\u010dnog vozila s mre\u017eom izmjeni\u010dne struje vr\u0161i se putem opreme koja je isklju\u010divo namijenjena punjenju vozila. Ovaj Na\u010din 3 je posebno prikladan za ku\u0107nu upotrebu<\/strong> ako posjedujete plug-in hibrid s zna\u010dajnom autonomijom ili potpuno elektri\u010dno vozilo. Osim toga, ovaj na\u010din punjenja omogu\u0107uje i jednofazne i trofazne konfiguracije<\/strong>. Drugim rije\u010dima, ako vozilo to dopu\u0161ta, mo\u017ee se puniti strujom do 32A, \u0161to odgovara vi\u0161e od 7,2kWh i 400V.<\/p>\n

Za kori\u0161tenje ovog na\u010dina punjenja potreban je specifi\u010dan konektor<\/strong> koji mo\u017ee biti Tip 1 (SAE J1772) ili Tip 2 (IEC 62196-2)<\/strong>, ovisno o karakteristikama vozila. Na\u010din 3 postupno zamjenjuje Na\u010din 2, zahvaljuju\u0107i tehnolo\u0161kom napretku koji je pobolj\u0161ao i snagu i kapacitet baterija elektri\u010dnih vozila. Na\u010din 3 se smatra sigurnijim, pouzdanim i br\u017eim.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ovaj na\u010din punjenja uspostavlja naprednu komunikaciju s elektri\u010dnom mre\u017eom. Ure\u0111aji za kontrolu i za\u0161titu integrirani su unutar same punionice, a kabel uklju\u010duje pilot \u017eicu za komunikaciju. Primjeri konektora kori\u0161tenih u ovom na\u010dinu su Tip 1 (SAE J1772) i Mennekes Tip 2 konektor<\/a> (Mennekes, IEC 62196).<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Na\u010din punjenja <\/span>4: Brzo punjenje<\/span><\/h2>\n

Na\u010din punjenja 4 odlikuje se visokom komunikacijom s elektri\u010dnom mre\u017eom i fokusom na brzo punjenje<\/strong>. Ovaj na\u010din podrazumijeva pretvara\u010d u istosmjernu struju i ograni\u010den je isklju\u010divo na brzo punjenje. Primjeri konektora kori\u0161tenih u ovom na\u010dinu su CHAdeMO<\/strong> ili COMBO DC<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

U ovom na\u010dinu punjenja, stanica za punjenje se nalazi izvan ku\u0107e i omogu\u0107uje punjenje najmanje 70% baterije za manje od 30 minuta<\/strong>. Naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e kori\u0161teni standardni konektor za ovu vrstu punjenja je CHAdeMO, japanskog porijekla. Na vozilu se nalazi konektor Tip 1 (SAE J1772 ili Yazaki) ili Tip 2 (IEC, Mennekes)<\/strong>, te konektor CHAdeMO ili CCS, ovisno o vrsti elektri\u010dnog vozila (EV). S obzirom na punionicu, duljina kabela mora biti kompatibilna s CHAdeMO.<\/p>\n

Va\u017eno je napomenuti da se Na\u010din 4 smatra od kapaciteta baterije od najmanje 50 kWh<\/strong>. Razlikuje se izme\u0111u punjenja “super brzim”<\/strong> i “ultra brzim”<\/strong>. Ultra brzo punjenje nije preporu\u010dljivo za svakodnevnu upotrebu, jer mo\u017ee o\u0161tetiti bateriju ako se koristi \u010desto. Posebno je dizajnirano za javne stanice<\/strong>, poput elektrolinija<\/strong>, gdje je potrebno puniti vozilo tijekom dugih putovanja ili u situacijama s malo dostupnog vremena.<\/p>\n

Punjenje u Na\u010dinu 4 vr\u0161i se u istosmjernoj struji<\/strong>, za razliku od prethodnih na\u010dina koji rade u izmjeni\u010dnoj struji. Me\u0111utim, punionice koje koriste Na\u010din 4 nisu prikladne za privatne gara\u017ee zbog visokih tro\u0161kova<\/strong>, kako u pogledu proizvoda, tako i u pogledu instalacije. Op\u0107enito se smatra da su Na\u010dini 2 i 3 prikladniji za ku\u0107nu upotrebu<\/strong> zbog svoje ve\u0107e prakti\u010dnosti i povoljnijih uvjeta.<\/p>\n

\"Problemi<\/p>\n

Tipovi punjenja elektri\u010dnih automobila<\/h2>\n

Tipovi punjenja elektri\u010dnih automobila klasificiraju se prema brzini punjenja.<\/strong> Drugim rije\u010dima, klasificiraju se prema vremenu potrebnom za punjenje baterije, \u0161to ovisi o dostupnoj snazi. Trenutno postoji pet tipova punjenja elektri\u010dnih automobila.<\/p>\n

Ultra-brzo punjenje elektri\u010dnih automobila<\/h3>\n

Njegova upotreba nije vrlo uobi\u010dajena, nalazi se u eksperimentalnoj fazi na elektri\u010dnim vozilima u testiranju s akumulatorima tipa superkondenzatori<\/strong>, (na primjer, neki elektri\u010dni autobusi). Baterije se mogu napuniti za pet ili deset minuta, snaga punjenja je vrlo visoka. Baterije litij-ionske tehnologije ne podnose tako visoke temperature koje uzrokuje ovaj tip punjenja jer ozbiljno o\u0161te\u0107uje njihov vijek trajanja.<\/p>\n

Brzo punjenje elektri\u010dnih automobila<\/h3>\n

Potra\u017enja za snagom je vrlo visoka, izme\u0111u 44 i 50 kW<\/strong>. Punjenje tih 22 do 24 kWh baterija mo\u017ee trajati pola sata. Obi\u010dno se ne vr\u0161i punjenje do 100% nego oko 80% ili 90%<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Semi-brzo punjenje elektri\u010dnih automobila<\/h3>\n

Trajanje punjenja kre\u0107e se izme\u0111u jednog i \u010detiri sata<\/strong>. Provodi se snagom od oko 22 kW. Ova metoda punjenja vrlo je uobi\u010dajena kod Renaulta, njihov je jeftini punja\u010d Camale\u00f3n, na primjer, kompatibilan s Renault Zoe<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Sporo punjenje elektri\u010dnih automobila<\/h3>\n

Ova metoda punjenja je ono \u0161to obi\u010dno nazivamo normalnim ili konvencionalnim. Baterije se obi\u010dno pune izme\u0111u \u0161est i osam sati<\/strong> i provodi se na 16 A, zahtijevaju\u0107i oko 3,6 kW snage.<\/p>\n

Super-sporo punjenje elektri\u010dnih automobila<\/h3>\n

Kada se intenzitet struje ograni\u010di na 10 A ili manje zbog nedostatka punja\u010dke stanice s odgovaraju\u0107om za\u0161titom i elektri\u010dnom instalacijom. Puno punjenje baterija prosje\u010dnog elektri\u010dnog automobila, kapaciteta oko 22 do 24 kWh, mo\u017ee trajati izme\u0111u deset i dvanaest sati.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sada ve\u0107 poznajete sve Na\u010dine punjenja elektri\u010dnog automobila i sve tipove punjenja koje mo\u017eete koristiti. Zapamtite da u V2C imamo mre\u017eu profesionalnih instalatera punionica<\/a><\/strong> koji mogu instalirati savr\u0161eni punja\u010d koji odgovara va\u0161im potrebama.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Postoje razli\u010diti na\u010dini punjenja na tr\u017ei\u0161tu, svaki povezan s razinom komunikacije izme\u0111u elektri\u010dnog vozila i infrastrukture za punjenje. To utje\u010de na kontrolu procesa punjenja, od programiranja do mogu\u0107nosti zaustavljanja ili ponovnog pokretanja punjenja, pa \u010dak i mogu\u0107nosti isporuke elektri\u010dne energije u mre\u017eu. U ovom \u010dlanku istra\u017eit \u0107emo razli\u010dite na\u010dine i tipove punjenja dostupne na tr\u017ei\u0161tu … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":154484,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","content-type":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-322548","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nNa\u010dini i tipovi punjenja na tr\u017ei\u0161tu elektri\u010dnih automobila<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Postoje 4 na\u010dina punjenja elektri\u010dnog automobila. Obja\u0161njavamo koji su i u kojim se slu\u010dajevima koriste. 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