{"id":366557,"date":"2018-01-19T09:08:13","date_gmt":"2018-01-19T09:08:13","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2024-07-08T09:14:47","modified_gmt":"2024-07-08T07:14:47","slug":"moduri-i-tipuri-de-inc-rcare-pe-pia-a-ma-inilor-electrice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/v2charge.com\/ro\/moduri-i-tipuri-de-inc-rcare-pe-pia-a-ma-inilor-electrice\/","title":{"rendered":"Moduri \u0219i tipuri de \u00eenc\u0103rcare pe pia\u021ba ma\u0219inilor electrice"},"content":{"rendered":"

Exist\u0103 diverse moduri de \u00eenc\u0103rcare<\/strong> pe pia\u021b\u0103, fiecare asociat cu nivelul de comunicare \u00eentre vehiculul electric \u0219i infrastructura de \u00eenc\u0103rcare<\/strong>. Acest lucru influen\u021beaz\u0103 controlul procesului de \u00eenc\u0103rcare, de la programare p\u00e2n\u0103 la posibilitatea de a opri sau relua \u00eenc\u0103rcarea, \u0219i chiar capacitatea de a livra electricitate \u00een re\u021bea. \u00cen acest articol, vom explora diferitele moduri \u0219i tipuri de \u00eenc\u0103rcare disponibile pe pia\u021ba ma\u0219inilor electrice.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vehiculele electrice \u0219i hibride plug-in necesit\u0103 o surs\u0103 de alimentare extern\u0103 pentru a-\u0219i re\u00eenc\u0103rca bateriile, ceea ce a dus la standardizarea a patru moduri de \u00eenc\u0103rcare diferen\u021biate prin caracteristicile \u0219i utiliz\u0103rile lor specifice<\/strong>. Dac\u0103 te g\u00e2nde\u0219ti s\u0103 cumperi o ma\u0219in\u0103 hibrid\u0103, descoper\u0103 cele <\/span>mai fiabile ma\u0219ini hibride<\/b><\/a> din 2023 conform OCU<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Modul de \u00eenc\u0103rcare 1: Schuko<\/span><\/h2>\n

Modul de \u00cenc\u0103rcare 1 implic\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103rcarea unui vehicul electric utiliz\u00e2nd o priz\u0103 care nu este specific conceput\u0103 pentru acest scop<\/strong>. Cu alte cuvinte, se refer\u0103 la \u00eenc\u0103rcarea efectuat\u0103 \u00eentr-o priz\u0103 de uz casnic standard, cum ar fi cea utilizat\u0103 pentru electrocasnice precum ma\u0219ina de sp\u0103lat.<\/p>\n

Acest Modul este cel mai de baz\u0103 dintre toate modurile de \u00eenc\u0103rcare a vehiculelor electrice<\/strong>, deoarece implic\u0103 pur \u0219i simplu conectarea unui cablu de la priza de tip „Schuko” de 230 V la vehicul. \u00cen general, Modul de \u00eenc\u0103rcare 1 este utilizat pentru a \u00eenc\u0103rca motociclete mici, biciclete electrice sau alte vehicule de dimensiuni reduse, cum ar fi trotinetele sau hoverboard-urile. Cu toate acestea, nu este recomandat pentru vehicule sau motociclete cu putere mai mare din cauza lipsei de m\u0103suri de siguran\u021b\u0103 adecvate<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Priza de uz casnic de tip Schuko utilizat\u0103 \u00een acest mod de \u00eenc\u0103rcare nu stabile\u0219te nicio comunicare \u00eentre infrastructura de \u00eenc\u0103rcare \u0219i vehiculul electric, adic\u0103 nu este conectat\u0103 la re\u021bea. \u00cen rezumat, acest mod de \u00eenc\u0103rcare folose\u0219te o priz\u0103 de curent conven\u021bional\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 func\u021bii de comunicare avansate<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Modul de \u00eenc\u0103rcare 2: \u00cenc\u0103rcare Lent\u0103<\/span><\/h2>\n

Modul de \u00cenc\u0103rcare 2 implic\u0103 utilizarea unei prize de uz casnic de tip Schuko montate pe perete<\/strong>, echipat\u0103 cu sisteme de func\u021bie pilot integrate \u00een cablu. Acest cablu include un dispozitiv de control pilot intermediar<\/strong> care verific\u0103 conexiunea corect\u0103 a vehiculului la re\u021beaua electric\u0103. \u00cen plus, stabile\u0219te o comunicare de baz\u0103 cu re\u021beaua.<\/p>\n

Cunoscut sub numele de mod de \u00eenc\u0103rcare \u00cenc\u0103rcare Lent\u0103, Modul de \u00cenc\u0103rcare 2 este conceput pentru a fi utilizat \u00een medii domestice, cum ar fi garajele.<\/strong> Acest mod de \u00eenc\u0103rcare este monofazat \u0219i func\u021bioneaz\u0103 la o tensiune de 230V, cu o putere maxim\u0103 de 3,7kW. Pentru a asigura siguran\u021ba \u00een timpul \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103rii, vehiculul electric sau hibrid se conecteaz\u0103 la re\u021beaua electric\u0103 prin intermediul conectorului\/adaptorului corespunz\u0103tor<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u00cen acest mod de \u00eenc\u0103rcare, utilizatorul instaleaz\u0103 o cutie cu o priz\u0103 de tip Schuko<\/strong>, destinat\u0103 \u00een general preferen\u021bial pentru \u00eenc\u0103rcarea vehiculului electric \u00een cauz\u0103 (de\u0219i utilizarea sa nu este exclusiv\u0103, de obicei este). Aceast\u0103 cutie trebuie s\u0103 fie echipat\u0103 cu sistemele de protec\u021bie adecvate<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Modul de \u00cenc\u0103rcare 2 este deosebit de relevant pentru proprietarii de vehicule hibride plug-in<\/strong> sau vehicule electrice de dimensiuni reduse<\/strong>, cum ar fi quadriciclurile (de exemplu, EV Tazzari Zero EM2 Space). Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 sistemul de \u00eenc\u0103rcare, exist\u0103 alte considera\u021bii importante de luat \u00een considerare atunci c\u00e2nd alegi un vehicul hibrid sau electric, cum ar fi motorul de propulsie \u0219i autonomia.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Modul de \u00eenc\u0103rcare <\/span>3: \u00cenc\u0103rcare Semi-Rapid\u0103<\/span><\/h2>\n

Modul de \u00cenc\u0103rcare 3 necesit\u0103 utilizarea unui dispozitiv cunoscut sub numele de Wallbox<\/strong>, conceput special pentru a \u00eenc\u0103rca vehicule electrice. Acest punct de \u00eenc\u0103rcare este echipat cu mai multe sisteme de protec\u021bie<\/strong> necesare pentru a garanta siguran\u021ba at\u00e2t a instala\u021biei electrice, c\u00e2t \u0219i a vehiculului. Conform reglement\u0103rilor spaniole (ITC-BT 52), utilizarea Modulului de \u00cenc\u0103rcare 3 este obligatorie pentru punctele de \u00eenc\u0103rcare de uz public<\/strong>, de obicei \u00een completare cu Modul 4.<\/p>\n

Conectarea vehiculului electric la re\u021beaua de curent alternativ se realizeaz\u0103 printr-un echipament dedicat exclusiv \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103rii vehiculului. Acest Modul 3 este particular potrivit pentru utilizare domestic\u0103<\/strong> dac\u0103 de\u021bii un hibrid plug-in cu o autonomie considerabil\u0103 sau un vehicul complet electric. \u00cen plus, acest mod de \u00eenc\u0103rcare permite at\u00e2t configura\u021bii monofazate, c\u00e2t \u0219i trifazate<\/strong>. Adic\u0103, dac\u0103 vehiculul permite, poate fi \u00eenc\u0103rcat la o curent de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 32A, ceea ce echivaleaz\u0103 cu mai mult de 7.2kWh \u0219i 400V.<\/p>\n

Pentru a utiliza acest mod de \u00eenc\u0103rcare, se necesit\u0103 un conector specific<\/strong> care poate fi Tip 1 (SAE J1772) sau Tip 2 (IEC 62196-2)<\/strong>, \u00een func\u021bie de caracteristicile vehiculului. Modul 3 \u00eenlocuie\u0219te treptat Modul 2, datorit\u0103 avansului tehnologic care a \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit at\u00e2t puterea, c\u00e2t \u0219i capacitatea bateriei vehiculelor electrice. Modul 3 este considerat mai sigur, mai fiabil \u0219i mai rapid.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Acest mod de \u00eenc\u0103rcare stabile\u0219te o comunicare avansat\u0103 cu re\u021beaua electric\u0103. Dispozitivele de control \u0219i protec\u021bie sunt integrate \u00een cadrul punctului de \u00eenc\u0103rcare, iar cablul include un fir pilot de comunicare. Exemple de conectori utiliza\u021bi \u00een acest mod sunt Tip 1 (SAE J1772) \u0219i conectorul Mennekes Tip 2<\/a> (Mennekes, IEC 62196).<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Modul de \u00eenc\u0103rcare <\/span>4: \u00cenc\u0103rcare rapid\u0103<\/span><\/h2>\n

Modul de \u00cenc\u0103rcare 4 se distinge prin comunicarea sa ridicat\u0103 cu re\u021beaua electric\u0103 \u0219i prin concentrarea pe \u00eenc\u0103rcarea rapid\u0103<\/strong>. Acest mod implic\u0103 un convertor la curent continuu \u0219i se limiteaz\u0103 exclusiv la \u00eenc\u0103rcarea rapid\u0103. Exemple de conectori utiliza\u021bi \u00een acest mod sunt CHAdeMO<\/strong> sau COMBO DC<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u00cen acest mod de \u00eenc\u0103rcare, sta\u021bia de \u00eenc\u0103rcare se afl\u0103 \u00een afara locuin\u021bei \u0219i permite \u00eenc\u0103rcarea a cel pu\u021bin 70% din baterie \u00een mai pu\u021bin de 30 de minute<\/strong>. Conectorul standard cel mai utilizat pentru acest tip de \u00eenc\u0103rcare este CHAdeMO, de origine japonez\u0103. \u00cen vehicul, g\u0103sim un conector Tip 1 (SAE J1772 sau Yazaki) sau Tip 2 (IEC, Mennekes)<\/strong>, \u0219i un conector CHAdeMo sau CCS, \u00een func\u021bie de tipul de vehicul electric (EV). Pe partea punctului de \u00eenc\u0103rcare, extensia cablului trebuie s\u0103 fie compatibil\u0103 cu CHAdeMO.<\/p>\n

Este important de men\u021bionat c\u0103 Modul 4 se consider\u0103 a fi de la o capacitate a bateriei de cel pu\u021bin 50 kWh<\/strong>. Se face distinc\u021bia \u00eentre \u00eenc\u0103rcarea „super rapid\u0103”<\/strong> \u0219i „ultra rapid\u0103”<\/strong>. \u00cenc\u0103rcarea ultra rapid\u0103 nu este recomandat\u0103 pentru utilizare zilnic\u0103, deoarece poate deteriora bateria dac\u0103 este utilizat\u0103 frecvent. Este special conceput\u0103 pentru sta\u021bii de uz public<\/strong>, cum ar fi electrolinile<\/strong>, unde este necesar\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103rcarea vehiculului pe parcursul unor c\u0103l\u0103torii lungi sau \u00een situa\u021bii cu pu\u021bin timp disponibil.<\/p>\n

\u00cenc\u0103rcarea \u00een Modul 4 se realizeaz\u0103 \u00een curent continuu<\/strong>, spre deosebire de modurile anterioare care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een curent alternativ. Cu toate acestea, punctele de \u00eenc\u0103rcare care utilizeaz\u0103 Modul 4 nu sunt adecvate pentru garaje particulare din cauza costului ridicat<\/strong>, at\u00e2t \u00een termeni de produs, c\u00e2t \u0219i de instalare. \u00cen general, se consider\u0103 c\u0103 Modurile 2 \u0219i 3 sunt mai potrivite pentru utilizare domestic\u0103<\/strong> datorit\u0103 convenien\u021bei mai mari \u0219i condi\u021biilor mai adecvate.<\/p>\n

\"Probleme<\/p>\n

Tipuri de \u00eenc\u0103rcare a ma\u0219inilor electrice<\/h2>\n

Tipurile de \u00eenc\u0103rcare a ma\u0219inilor electrice sunt clasificate \u00een func\u021bie de viteza acesteia.<\/strong> Adic\u0103 sunt clasificate \u00een func\u021bie de timpul necesar pentru a re\u00eenc\u0103rca bateria, ceva ce depinde de puterea disponibil\u0103. \u00cen prezent, exist\u0103 cinci tipuri de \u00eenc\u0103rcare a ma\u0219inilor electrice.<\/p>\n

\u00cenc\u0103rcare ultra-rapid\u0103 a ma\u0219inilor electrice<\/h3>\n

Utilizarea sa nu este foarte obi\u0219nuit\u0103, este \u00eentr-o stare experimental\u0103 \u00een vehicule electrice aflate \u00een testare cu acumulatori de tip supercondensatori<\/strong>, (de exemplu, unele autobuze electrice). Bateriile pot fi re\u00eenc\u0103rcate \u00een cinci sau zece minute, puterea de \u00eenc\u0103rcare fiind foarte ridicat\u0103. Bateriile cu ioni de litiu nu suport\u0103 temperatura at\u00e2t de ridicat\u0103 pe care o provoac\u0103 acest tip de \u00eenc\u0103rcare, deoarece \u00eei degradeaz\u0103 grav durata de via\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u00cenc\u0103rcare rapid\u0103 a ma\u0219inilor electrice<\/h3>\n

Puterea solicitat\u0103 este foarte mare, \u00eentre 44 \u0219i 50 kW<\/strong>. \u00cenc\u0103rcarea acestor 22 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 24 kWh de baterii poate dura o jum\u0103tate de or\u0103. Este normal ca \u00eenc\u0103rcarea s\u0103 nu fie de 100%, ci \u00een jur de 80% sau 90%<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u00cenc\u0103rcare semi-rapid\u0103 a ma\u0219inilor electrice<\/h3>\n

Durata \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103rii variaz\u0103 \u00eentre o \u0219i patru ore<\/strong>. Se realizeaz\u0103 la o putere de aproximativ 22 kW. Aceast\u0103 form\u0103 de \u00eenc\u0103rcare este foarte obi\u0219nuit\u0103 la Renault, \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103torul s\u0103u de cost redus Camale\u00f3n, de exemplu, care este compatibil cu Renault Zoe<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u00cenc\u0103rcare lent\u0103 a ma\u0219inilor electrice<\/h3>\n

Aceast\u0103 form\u0103 de \u00eenc\u0103rcare este ceea ce numim de obicei normal\u0103 sau conven\u021bional\u0103. Bateriile sunt de obicei re\u00eenc\u0103rcate \u00eentre \u0219ase \u0219i opt ore<\/strong> \u0219i se realizeaz\u0103 la 16 A, solicit\u00e2nd aproximativ 3,6 kW de putere.<\/p>\n

\u00cenc\u0103rcare super-lent\u0103 a ma\u0219inilor electrice<\/h3>\n

C\u00e2nd intensitatea curentului este limitat\u0103 la 10 A sau mai pu\u021bin din lipsa unei baze de \u00eenc\u0103rcare cu protec\u021bie \u0219i instala\u021bie electric\u0103 adecvat\u0103. \u00cenc\u0103rcarea complet\u0103 a bateriilor unei ma\u0219ini electrice medii, cu o capacitate de aproximativ 22 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 24 kWh, poate dura \u00eentre zece \u0219i dou\u0103sprezece ore.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Acum \u0219tii toate Modurile de \u00eenc\u0103rcare ale unei ma\u0219ini electrice \u0219i toate tipurile de \u00eenc\u0103rcare pe care le po\u021bi utiliza. Re\u021bine c\u0103 la V2C avem o re\u021bea de instalatori profesioni\u0219ti de puncte de \u00eenc\u0103rcare<\/a><\/strong> care pot instala \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103torul perfect care se potrive\u0219te nevoilor tale.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Exist\u0103 diverse moduri de \u00eenc\u0103rcare pe pia\u021b\u0103, fiecare asociat cu nivelul de comunicare \u00eentre vehiculul electric \u0219i infrastructura de \u00eenc\u0103rcare. Acest lucru influen\u021beaz\u0103 controlul procesului de \u00eenc\u0103rcare, de la programare p\u00e2n\u0103 la posibilitatea de a opri sau relua \u00eenc\u0103rcarea, \u0219i chiar capacitatea de a livra electricitate \u00een re\u021bea. \u00cen acest articol, vom explora diferitele moduri … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":154484,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","content-type":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-366557","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nModuri \u0219i tipuri de \u00eenc\u0103rcare pe pia\u021ba ma\u0219inilor electrice<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Exist\u0103 4 moduri de \u00eenc\u0103rcare pentru ma\u0219inile electrice. \u00ce\u021bi explic\u0103m care sunt acestea \u0219i \u00een ce cazuri se utilizeaz\u0103. 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