{"id":330538,"date":"2018-01-19T09:08:13","date_gmt":"2018-01-19T09:08:13","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2024-07-08T09:14:47","modified_gmt":"2024-07-08T07:14:47","slug":"mody-a-typy-nabijania-na-trhu-s-elektrick-mi-autami","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/v2charge.com\/sk\/mody-a-typy-nabijania-na-trhu-s-elektrick-mi-autami\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00f3dy a typy nab\u00edjania na trhu s elektrick\u00fdmi autami"},"content":{"rendered":"

Existuje nieko\u013eko sp\u00f4sobov nab\u00edjania<\/strong> na trhu, ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich je spojen\u00fd s \u00farov\u0148ou komunik\u00e1cie medzi elektrick\u00fdm vozidlom a nab\u00edjacou infra\u0161trukt\u00farou<\/strong>. To ovplyv\u0148uje kontrolu procesu nab\u00edjania, od programovania a\u017e po mo\u017enos\u0165 zastavi\u0165 alebo obnovi\u0165 nab\u00edjanie, a dokonca aj schopnos\u0165 dod\u00e1va\u0165 elektrinu do siete. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku presk\u00famame r\u00f4zne sp\u00f4soby a typy nab\u00edjania dostupn\u00e9 na trhu elektrick\u00fdch \u00e1ut.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Elektrick\u00e9 a plug-in hybridn\u00e9 vozidl\u00e1 vy\u017eaduj\u00fa extern\u00fd zdroj nap\u00e1jania na nab\u00edjanie svojich bat\u00e9ri\u00ed, \u010do viedlo k \u0161tandardiz\u00e1cii \u0161tyroch r\u00f4znych sp\u00f4sobov nab\u00edjania, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa rozl\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9 pod\u013ea svojich charakterist\u00edk a \u0161pecifick\u00fdch pou\u017eit\u00ed<\/strong>. Ak uva\u017eujete o k\u00fape hybridn\u00e9ho auta, objavte <\/span>najspo\u013eahlivej\u0161ie hybridn\u00e9 aut\u00e1<\/b><\/a> z roku 2023 pod\u013ea OCU<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sp\u00f4sob nab\u00edjania 1: Schuko<\/span><\/h2>\n

Sp\u00f4sob nab\u00edjania 1 zah\u0155\u0148a nab\u00edjanie elektrick\u00e9ho vozidla pomocou z\u00e1suvky, ktor\u00e1 nie je \u0161peci\u00e1lne navrhnut\u00e1 na tento \u00fa\u010del<\/strong>. In\u00fdmi slovami, ide o nab\u00edjanie vykon\u00e1van\u00e9 v \u0161tandardnej dom\u00e1cej z\u00e1suvke, ako je t\u00e1, ktor\u00e1 sa pou\u017e\u00edva pre spotrebi\u010de ako pr\u00e1\u010dka.<\/p>\n

Tento sp\u00f4sob je najz\u00e1kladnej\u0161\u00ed zo v\u0161etk\u00fdch sp\u00f4sobov nab\u00edjania elektrick\u00fdch vozidiel<\/strong>, preto\u017ee jednoducho zah\u0155\u0148a pripojenie k\u00e1bla z „Schuko“ z\u00e1str\u010dky 230 V k vozidlu. Zvy\u010dajne sa sp\u00f4sob nab\u00edjania 1 pou\u017e\u00edva na nab\u00edjanie mal\u00fdch motocyklistov, elektrick\u00fdch bicyklov alebo in\u00fdch men\u0161\u00edch vozidiel, ako s\u00fa kolobe\u017eky alebo hoverboardy. Av\u0161ak nie je odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00fd pre vozidl\u00e1 alebo motocykle s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdkonom, preto\u017ee z\u00e1suvka nem\u00e1 adekv\u00e1tne bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 opatrenia<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Dom\u00e1ca z\u00e1suvka typu Schuko pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 v tomto sp\u00f4sobe nab\u00edjania neustanovuje \u017eiadnu komunik\u00e1ciu medzi nab\u00edjacou infra\u0161trukt\u00farou a elektrick\u00fdm vozidlom, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee nie je pripojen\u00e1 k sieti. Stru\u010dne povedan\u00e9, tento sp\u00f4sob nab\u00edjania vyu\u017e\u00edva konven\u010dn\u00fa z\u00e1suvku bez pokro\u010dil\u00fdch komunika\u010dn\u00fdch funkci\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Sp\u00f4sob nab\u00edjania 2: Pomal\u00e9 nab\u00edjanie<\/span><\/h2>\n

Sp\u00f4sob nab\u00edjania 2 zah\u0155\u0148a pou\u017eitie dom\u00e1cej z\u00e1suvky typu Schuko namontovanej na stene<\/strong>, vybavenej syst\u00e9mami pilotnej funkcie integrovan\u00fdmi v k\u00e1bli. Tento k\u00e1bel obsahuje medzivrstvov\u00fd ovl\u00e1dac\u00ed zariadenie<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 overuje spr\u00e1vne pripojenie vozidla k elektrickej sieti. Okrem toho ustanovuje z\u00e1kladn\u00fa komunik\u00e1ciu so sie\u0165ou.<\/p>\n

Zn\u00e1mym ako sp\u00f4sob nab\u00edjania Pomal\u00e9 nab\u00edjanie, Sp\u00f4sob nab\u00edjania 2 je navrhnut\u00fd na pou\u017eitie v dom\u00e1cich prostrediach, ako s\u00fa gar\u00e1\u017ee.<\/strong> T\u00e1to met\u00f3da nab\u00edjania je jednof\u00e1zov\u00e1 a funguje pri nap\u00e4t\u00ed 230V, s maxim\u00e1lnym v\u00fdkonom 3,7kW. Aby sa zabezpe\u010dila bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 po\u010das nab\u00edjania, elektrick\u00e9 alebo hybridn\u00e9 vozidlo sa prip\u00e1ja k elektrickej sieti prostredn\u00edctvom pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho konektora\/adapt\u00e9ra<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

V tomto sp\u00f4sobe nab\u00edjania pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e in\u0161taluje skrinku so z\u00e1suvkou typu Schuko<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 je zvy\u010dajne ur\u010den\u00e1 prednostne na nab\u00edjanie konkr\u00e9tneho elektrick\u00e9ho vozidla (aj ke\u010f jej pou\u017eitie nie je v\u00fdlu\u010dne, zvy\u010dajne je). T\u00e1to skrinka mus\u00ed by\u0165 vybaven\u00e1 adekv\u00e1tnymi ochrann\u00fdmi syst\u00e9mami<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Sp\u00f4sob nab\u00edjania 2 je obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 relevantn\u00fd pre vlastn\u00edkov plug-in hybridn\u00fdch vozidiel<\/strong> alebo mal\u00fdch elektrick\u00fdch vozidiel<\/strong>, ako s\u00fa \u0161tvorkolky (napr\u00edklad EV Tazzari Zero EM2 Space). Okrem syst\u00e9mu nab\u00edjania existuj\u00fa aj \u010fal\u0161ie d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 \u00favahy, ktor\u00e9 je potrebn\u00e9 zv\u00e1\u017ei\u0165 pri v\u00fdbere hybridn\u00e9ho alebo elektrick\u00e9ho vozidla, ako je pohonn\u00fd motor a dojazd.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Sp\u00f4sob nab\u00edjania <\/span>3: R\u00fdchle nab\u00edjanie<\/span><\/h2>\n

Sp\u00f4sob nab\u00edjania 3 vy\u017eaduje pou\u017eitie zariadenia zn\u00e1meho ako Wallbox<\/strong>, navrhnut\u00e9ho \u0161peci\u00e1lne na nab\u00edjanie elektrick\u00fdch vozidiel. Tento nab\u00edjac\u00ed bod je vybaven\u00fd viacer\u00fdmi ochrann\u00fdmi syst\u00e9mami<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 na zabezpe\u010denie bezpe\u010dnosti ako elektrickej in\u0161tal\u00e1cie, tak aj vozidla. Pod\u013ea \u0161panielskej legislat\u00edvy (ITC-BT 52), pou\u017eitie Sp\u00f4sobu nab\u00edjania 3 je povinn\u00e9 pre nab\u00edjacie body verejn\u00e9ho pou\u017eitia<\/strong>, zvy\u010dajne v kombin\u00e1cii so Sp\u00f4sobom 4.<\/p>\n

Pripojenie elektrick\u00e9ho vozidla k sieti striedav\u00e9ho pr\u00fadu sa vykon\u00e1va prostredn\u00edctvom zariadenia ur\u010den\u00e9ho v\u00fdlu\u010dne na nab\u00edjanie vozidla. Tento Sp\u00f4sob 3 je obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 vhodn\u00fd na dom\u00e1ce pou\u017eitie<\/strong>, ak vlastn\u00edte plug-in hybrid s v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm dojazdom alebo plne elektrick\u00e9 vozidlo. Okrem toho tento sp\u00f4sob nab\u00edjania umo\u017e\u0148uje jednof\u00e1zov\u00e9 aj trojf\u00e1zov\u00e9 konfigur\u00e1cie<\/strong>. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee ak to vozidlo umo\u017e\u0148uje, m\u00f4\u017ee sa nab\u00edja\u0165 pr\u00fadom a\u017e 32A, \u010do zodpoved\u00e1 viac ako 7,2kWh a 400V.<\/p>\n

Na pou\u017eitie tohto sp\u00f4sobu nab\u00edjania je potrebn\u00fd \u0161pecifick\u00fd konektor<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 Typ 1 (SAE J1772) alebo Typ 2 (IEC 62196-2)<\/strong>, v z\u00e1vislosti od charakterist\u00edk vozidla. Sp\u00f4sob 3 postupne nahr\u00e1dza Sp\u00f4sob 2, v\u010faka technologick\u00e9mu pokroku, ktor\u00fd zlep\u0161il v\u00fdkon aj kapacitu bat\u00e9rie elektrick\u00fdch vozidiel. Sp\u00f4sob 3 sa pova\u017euje za bezpe\u010dnej\u0161\u00ed, spo\u013eahlivej\u0161\u00ed a r\u00fdchlej\u0161\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tento sp\u00f4sob nab\u00edjania ustanovuje pokro\u010dil\u00fa komunik\u00e1ciu so sie\u0165ou. Ovl\u00e1dacie a ochrann\u00e9 zariadenia s\u00fa integrovan\u00e9 priamo v nab\u00edjacom bode a k\u00e1bel obsahuje pilotn\u00fd vodi\u010d na komunik\u00e1ciu. Pr\u00edklady konektorov pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v tomto sp\u00f4sobe s\u00fa Typ 1 (SAE J1772) a konektor Mennekes Typ 2<\/a> (Mennekes, IEC 62196).<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Sp\u00f4sob nab\u00edjania <\/span>4: R\u00fdchle nab\u00edjanie<\/span><\/h2>\n

Sp\u00f4sob nab\u00edjania 4 sa vyzna\u010duje vysokou komunik\u00e1ciou so sie\u0165ou a zameran\u00edm na r\u00fdchle nab\u00edjanie<\/strong>. Tento sp\u00f4sob zah\u0155\u0148a konvertor na jednosmern\u00fd pr\u00fad a je obmedzen\u00fd v\u00fdlu\u010dne na r\u00fdchle nab\u00edjanie. Pr\u00edklady konektorov pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v tomto sp\u00f4sobe s\u00fa CHAdeMO<\/strong> alebo COMBO DC<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

V tomto sp\u00f4sobe nab\u00edjania sa nab\u00edjacia stanica nach\u00e1dza mimo obydlia a umo\u017e\u0148uje nab\u00edjanie aspo\u0148 70% bat\u00e9rie za menej ako 30 min\u00fat<\/strong>. \u0160tandardn\u00fd konektor naj\u010dastej\u0161ie pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd pre tento typ nab\u00edjania je CHAdeMO, japonsk\u00e9ho p\u00f4vodu. Na vozidle n\u00e1jdeme konektor Typ 1 (SAE J1772 alebo Yazaki) alebo Typ 2 (IEC, Mennekes)<\/strong>, a konektor CHAdeMO alebo CCS, v z\u00e1vislosti od typu elektrick\u00e9ho vozidla (EV). Na strane nab\u00edjacieho bodu mus\u00ed by\u0165 d\u013a\u017eka k\u00e1bla kompatibiln\u00e1 s CHAdeMO.<\/p>\n

Je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 zd\u00f4razni\u0165, \u017ee Sp\u00f4sob 4 sa pova\u017euje za tak\u00fd, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 kapacitu bat\u00e9rie aspo\u0148 50 kWh<\/strong>. Rozli\u0161uje sa medzi r\u00fdchlym nab\u00edjan\u00edm „super r\u00fdchlym“<\/strong> a „ultra r\u00fdchlym“<\/strong>. Ultra r\u00fdchle nab\u00edjanie sa neodpor\u00fa\u010da na ka\u017edodenn\u00e9 pou\u017eitie, preto\u017ee m\u00f4\u017ee po\u0161kodi\u0165 bat\u00e9riu, ak sa pou\u017e\u00edva \u010dasto. Je \u0161peci\u00e1lne navrhnut\u00e9 pre stanice verejn\u00e9ho pou\u017eitia<\/strong>, ako s\u00fa elektrol\u00ednie<\/strong>, kde je potrebn\u00e9 nab\u00edja\u0165 vozidlo po\u010das dlh\u00fdch ciest alebo v situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch s obmedzen\u00fdm \u010dasom.<\/p>\n

Nab\u00edjanie v Sp\u00f4sobe 4 sa vykon\u00e1va na jednosmern\u00fd pr\u00fad<\/strong>, na rozdiel od predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich sp\u00f4sobov, ktor\u00e9 funguj\u00fa na striedav\u00fd pr\u00fad. Av\u0161ak, nab\u00edjacie body, ktor\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa Sp\u00f4sob 4, nie s\u00fa vhodn\u00e9 pre s\u00fakromn\u00e9 gar\u00e1\u017ee kv\u00f4li svojim vysok\u00fdm n\u00e1kladom<\/strong>, ako na produkt, tak aj na in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu. Vo v\u0161eobecnosti sa pova\u017euje, \u017ee Sp\u00f4soby 2 a 3 s\u00fa vhodnej\u0161ie na dom\u00e1ce pou\u017eitie<\/strong> kv\u00f4li svojej v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej pohodlnosti a vhodnej\u0161\u00edm podmienkam.<\/p>\n

\"Probl\u00e9my<\/p>\n

Typy nab\u00edjania elektrick\u00fdch \u00e1ut<\/h2>\n

Typy nab\u00edjania elektrick\u00fdch \u00e1ut s\u00fa klasifikovan\u00e9 pod\u013ea r\u00fdchlosti nab\u00edjania.<\/strong> To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee s\u00fa klasifikovan\u00e9 pod\u013ea \u010dasu, ktor\u00fd potrebujeme na nabitie bat\u00e9rie, \u010do z\u00e1vis\u00ed od dostupn\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti existuje p\u00e4\u0165 typov nab\u00edjania elektrick\u00fdch \u00e1ut.<\/p>\n

Nab\u00edjanie elektrick\u00fdch \u00e1ut ultra-r\u00fdchle<\/h3>\n

Jeho pou\u017eitie nie je ve\u013emi be\u017en\u00e9, je v experiment\u00e1lnom \u0161t\u00e1diu na elektrick\u00fdch vozidl\u00e1ch testovan\u00fdch s akumul\u00e1tormi typu superkondenz\u00e1torov<\/strong>, (napr\u00edklad niektor\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 autobusy). Bat\u00e9rie sa daj\u00fa nabi\u0165 za p\u00e4\u0165 alebo desa\u0165 min\u00fat, v\u00fdkon nab\u00edjania je ve\u013emi vysok\u00fd. Bat\u00e9rie l\u00edtium-i\u00f3nov\u00e9 neznes\u00fa tak vysok\u00e9 teploty, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00f4sobuje tento typ nab\u00edjania, preto\u017ee to v\u00e1\u017ene po\u0161kodzuje ich \u017eivotnos\u0165.<\/p>\n

Nab\u00edjanie elektrick\u00fdch \u00e1ut r\u00fdchle<\/h3>\n

Po\u017eiadavka na v\u00fdkon je ve\u013emi vysok\u00e1, medzi 44 a 50 kW<\/strong>. Nab\u00edjanie t\u00fdchto 22 a\u017e 24 kWh bat\u00e9ri\u00ed m\u00f4\u017ee trva\u0165 pol hodiny. Norm\u00e1lne sa nenab\u00edja na 100%, ale okolo 80% alebo 90%<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Nab\u00edjanie elektrick\u00fdch \u00e1ut semi-r\u00fdchle<\/h3>\n

Trvanie nab\u00edjania sa pohybuje medzi jednou a \u0161tyrmi hodinami<\/strong>. Vykon\u00e1va sa pri v\u00fdkone pribli\u017ene 22 kW. Tento sp\u00f4sob nab\u00edjania je ve\u013emi be\u017en\u00fd v Renault, jeho n\u00edzkon\u00e1kladov\u00fd nab\u00edja\u010d Camale\u00f3n, ktor\u00fd je kompatibiln\u00fd s Renault Zoe<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Nab\u00edjanie elektrick\u00fdch \u00e1ut pomal\u00e9<\/h3>\n

Tento sp\u00f4sob nab\u00edjania je to, \u010do obvykle naz\u00fdvame norm\u00e1lne alebo konven\u010dn\u00e9. Bat\u00e9rie sa zvy\u010dajne nab\u00edjaj\u00fa medzi \u0161iestimi a \u00f4smymi hodinami<\/strong> a vykon\u00e1va sa pri 16 A, po\u017eaduj\u00fac pribli\u017ene 3,6 kW v\u00fdkonu.<\/p>\n

Nab\u00edjanie elektrick\u00fdch \u00e1ut super-pomal\u00e9<\/h3>\n

Ke\u010f je intenzita pr\u00fadu obmedzen\u00e1 na 10 A alebo menej, preto\u017ee nie je k dispoz\u00edcii nab\u00edjacia z\u00e1klad\u0148a s ochranou a vhodnou elektrickou in\u0161tal\u00e1ciou. \u00dapln\u00e9 nabitie bat\u00e9ri\u00ed priemern\u00e9ho elektrick\u00e9ho vozidla, s kapacitou pribli\u017ene 22 a\u017e 24 kWh, m\u00f4\u017ee trva\u0165 medzi desiatimi a dvan\u00e1stimi hodinami.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Teraz u\u017e pozn\u00e1te v\u0161etky sp\u00f4soby nab\u00edjania elektrick\u00e9ho vozidla a v\u0161etky typy nab\u00edjania, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eete pou\u017ei\u0165. Nezabudnite, \u017ee v spolo\u010dnosti V2C m\u00e1me sie\u0165 profesion\u00e1lnych in\u0161talat\u00e9rov nab\u00edjac\u00edch bodov<\/a><\/strong>, ktor\u00ed m\u00f4\u017eu nain\u0161talova\u0165 dokonal\u00fd nab\u00edja\u010d, ktor\u00fd sa prisp\u00f4sob\u00ed va\u0161im potreb\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Existuje nieko\u013eko sp\u00f4sobov nab\u00edjania na trhu, ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich je spojen\u00fd s \u00farov\u0148ou komunik\u00e1cie medzi elektrick\u00fdm vozidlom a nab\u00edjacou infra\u0161trukt\u00farou. To ovplyv\u0148uje kontrolu procesu nab\u00edjania, od programovania a\u017e po mo\u017enos\u0165 zastavi\u0165 alebo obnovi\u0165 nab\u00edjanie, a dokonca aj schopnos\u0165 dod\u00e1va\u0165 elektrinu do siete. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku presk\u00famame r\u00f4zne sp\u00f4soby a typy nab\u00edjania dostupn\u00e9 na trhu elektrick\u00fdch … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":154484,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","content-type":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-330538","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nM\u00f3dy a typy nab\u00edjania na trhu s elektrick\u00fdmi autami<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Existuj\u00fa 4 re\u017eimy nab\u00edjania elektrick\u00e9ho vozidla. Vysvetl\u00edme, ak\u00e9 s\u00fa a v ak\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa. 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