Electric tractor: Innovation in modern agriculture

The introduction of the electric tractor in agriculture marks a significant advance towards more sustainable and efficient practices. These vehicles, which operate on electric energy instead of fossil fuels, reduce harmful emissions and improve operational and economic efficiency. In this article, we will explain the operation and benefits as well as discuss the subsidies available.

What is an electric tractor?

An electric tractor is a farm vehicle that uses electric motors powered by rechargeable batteries with charging points for its operation. Unlike traditional tractors that run on diesel or gasoline, electric tractors operate without direct emissions of harmful gases. Currently, this type of agricultural vehicle has become a much more sustainable and eco-friendly option for carrying out agricultural work. Keep reading, and we will tell you everything you need to know about electric tractors.

Benefits of electric tractors in agriculture

The use of electric tractors in agriculture offers numerous benefits, including reduced harmful emissions, lower operating costs, and quieter operation. These vehicles not only contribute to more sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture, but they also improve the efficiency and quality of life for farmers.  Electric tractors in agriculture currently stand out for their environmental advantages and productivity.

More efficiency and performance thanks to the use of electric tractors

Electric tractors are known for their high efficiency and performance. Electric motors have a higher energy efficiency than combustion engines, which translates into better energy conversion into useful work. The innovative electronic control technology of electric tractors allows for optimizing energy use and adapting the performance of the tractor to each agricultural task.

Higher initial investment but better long-term return

The economic impact of electric tractors in agriculture can be significant. Although the initial investment in an electric tractor may be higher compared to a conventional tractor, the long-term savings in operating costs and maintenance can offset this difference. Additionally, there are various grants and financial aids that facilitate the adoption of this technology, reducing the economic barrier for farmers.

The environmental change brought by electric tractors

The incorporation of electric tractors in agriculture has a positive environmental impact and helps achieve Europe’s sustainable goals. Furthermore, investment in solar panels for the agricultural sector is on the rise. This is crucial, as it allows electric tractors to be charged with renewable energy, significantly reducing costs for farmers.

Another positive aspect of electric tractors for the environment is the improvement of air quality in rural areas. This generates a positive impact in the agricultural area and rural zones. The improvement in air quality is complemented by the reduction in noise levels generated by electric tractors during operation. Therefore, we are confident that electric tractors will further enhance the quality of life in rural areas while continuing to combat climate change.

How does the battery of an electric tractor work?

The battery of an electric tractor works by storing electrical energy in the form of direct current (DC), which is then converted into alternating current (AC) to power the tractor’s electric motor. This process is carried out through an inverter, which transforms the energy stored in the battery into usable energy for the motor. The battery provides the necessary energy for all functions of the electric tractor, including traction and hydraulic and electronic systems.

Charging an electric tractor’s battery

The battery of an electric tractor is recharged through charging points, typically high-power ones. It is usually recommended to use photovoltaic energy in rural areas to take advantage of the energy from solar panel surpluses for charging the electric tractor. For this type of electric vehicle, it is generally preferred to use fast charging to continue agricultural activities as quickly as possible.

The autonomy of an electric tractor’s battery

The autonomy of an electric tractor’s battery refers to the time or distance the tractor can operate on a single full charge. This autonomy varies depending on the tractor model, battery capacity, and usage conditions. In general, current electric tractors can operate for 4 to 8 hours under moderate load before needing a recharge. New models being introduced to the market offer autonomy of up to 10 hours. This evolution is expected to continue, with increasingly powerful electric tractors being released.

The capacity of an electric tractor’s battery

The capacity of an electric tractor’s battery is measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh) and determines how much energy the battery can store. A higher battery capacity allows for greater autonomy and prolonged performance. Batteries in electric tractors increase the weight and price of the electric tractor. Manufacturers of electric tractors are continuously improving battery capacity and efficiency to meet farmers’ needs.

Battery consumption of an electric tractor vs. a normal (diesel) tractor

An electric tractor consumes energy measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh), with a battery capacity that varies between 50 and 300 kWh depending on the model. Small tractors consume between 10 and 20 kWh per hour, medium tractors between 20 and 40 kWh per hour, and large tractors more than 40 kWh per hour. In comparison, diesel tractors consume fuel at a cost of approximately 1.2 euros per liter, while electricity costs around 0.15 euros per kWh.

This means that operating an electric tractor is significantly more economical in terms of energy costs, in addition to offering environmental benefits and potential savings in maintenance and repairs in the long term.

Comparative Example

• Medium diesel tractor (100 HP): Consumption of 10 liters per hour.
  • Cost per hour: 10 liters * 1.2 euros/liter = 12 euros per hour.
• Medium electric tractor (equivalent to 100 HP): Consumption of 30 kWh per hour.
  • Cost per hour: 30 kWh * 0.15 euros/kWh = 4.5 euros per hour.

Charging points for electric tractors in rural areas

The installation of smart charging points in rural areas is essential for the widespread adoption of electric tractors. These charging points must be accessible and capable of providing fast and efficient charging to minimize downtime. In many regions, networks of charging infrastructure specific to agricultural electric vehicles are being developed, thus facilitating the transition to more sustainable agriculture. 

Subsidies for the agricultural sector: installing solar panels, purchasing charging points and electric tractors

In Spain, there are subsidies for the renewal of agricultural machinery, and there are other incentives that benefit the scrapping of the same. The second call for subsidies for Agriculture 4.0, focused on precision and energy efficiency, has been provisionally approved with a budget of over 12.5 million euros, benefiting 183 applications. These subsidies are intended for investments in precision agricultural machinery, including tractors, harvesting equipment, and input application (fertilizers and phytosanitary products). Additionally, 20 specific applications for energy efficiency and renewable energy in farms have been approved, with a total aid of 334,351.75 euros.

On the other hand, subsidies like the Moves Plan finance the cost of installing charging points for companies and individuals, which agricultural companies can also join. These incentives are even higher in populations of less than 5,000 inhabitants, thus benefiting rural areas even more. Furthermore, we also recommend checking the plans that reduce the costs of isolated photovoltaic installations in the agricultural environment. Many of the most advanced charging points can charge electric vehicles using clean energy generated by solar panels.

These subsidies not only reduce the economic barrier but also promote more sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural practices such as agrivoltaic energy and the implementation of new vehicles and less polluting infrastructures.

At V2C, we firmly believe that a sustainable future is possible, and to achieve this, we must continue implementing sustainable measures across all sectors. The agricultural sector is one of the most important sectors in our economy, and its electrification is very close to becoming a reality. If you have any questions, feel free to share your doubts with us; we will be happy to help you.